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Bits, bytes and binary prefixes
File sizes and transfer rates are easy to confuse: a byte contains eight bits, while storage labels may use decimal GB or binary GiB. Check the stated unit before comparing a file, device or network figure.
Quick reference
| Calculation | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Print size to pixels | inches × DPI | A4 (8.27 × 11.69 in) at 300 DPI ≈ 2480 × 3508 px |
| Video file size | bitrate (Mbps) × seconds / 8 | 8 Mbps for 10 min = 600 MB |
| Megabit to megabyte | Mb / 8 | 100 Mbps link = 12.5 MB/s at most |
| Unix timestamp | seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00 UTC | 2,147,483,647 = 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC |
| Hex colour to RGB | pairs of base-16 digits | #367DA5 = rgb(54, 125, 165) |
| AWG to mm² | standard wire table | 12 AWG ≈ 3.31 mm², 14 AWG ≈ 2.08 mm² |